The Heavens Open, I Depart in Peace
I have been dealing quite a lot with Monteverdi recently. Even before leaving for London – to attend a concert by the Academy of Ancient Music conducted by Laurence Cummings in a programme comprising pieces from the Madrigali guerrieri, ed amorosi collection – I could not shake off the thought that Monteverdi’s music would have sounded quite different, if he had not been widowed so early and spent the rest of his life alone. Monteverdi decided to get away from his hometown of Cremona at the first opportunity. He dreamed of a career in Milan, but eventually ended up in Mantua, at the court of Duke Vincenzo Gonzaga. The duke was an ambiguous figure: he once sent thugs after the young erudite Scot James Crichton. Mad with jealousy of his former lover and the favour shown to Crichton by his father, Gonzaga killed his rival with Crichton’s own sword. When the cornered Scot fell to his knees and, begging for mercy, handed him his weapon with the hilt turned forward, Gonzaga stabbed him right in the heart. Yet Crichton was almost forgotten, while Vincenzo went down in history as one of the most outstanding patrons of the arts and sciences in Italy of that era.
Monteverdi came to Mantua when he was not yet twenty-four. He was taken care of by the court violist Giacomo Cattaneo, who took him under his roof and introduced him to his daughter Claudia. Cattaneo would act as a matchmaker between Claudia and Claudio in what looked like an arranged marriage. Monteverdi became his mentor’s son-in-law and husband of a talented court singer, which could help him further his career. Cattaneo was looking for a successor to take over his duties at the court, guarantee livelihood for his daughter and ensure a peaceful old age for himself.
But then came love and mutual respect. The young couple were brought together not only by family but also by professional obligations. From the moment Claudio was given the position of maestro della musica, Claudia probably took part in most performances of his works. She must also have attended the preparations for the premiere of Orfeo. A few months later she died. As for the rest, we can only make a guess: from the decision of the forty-year-old widower not to remarry, and then, after raising his sons to adulthood, to be ordained a priest. But also from his mature music, in which the zeal of a religious experience is sometimes difficult to distinguish from the ecstasy of love, and the clamour of battle from the storms raging in the hearts of lovers.
It can, of course, be argued that such were the premises of the genere concitato, mentioned for the first time by Monteverdi in the preface to Combattimento di Tancredi e Clorinda, in the eight book of madrigals – although the work was written more than a decade earlier and, in spite of appearances, had its predecessors. Monteverdi’s late works herald the upcoming stylistic changes, although it is worth bearing in mind that the composer was the last great madrigalist – as if he deliberately stopped in the past. He breathed a breath of such powerful genius into the already outdated form that he completely exhausted its possibilities.
Anna Dennis. Photo: Jet
Cummings brought together selected works from the eighth book in such a way as to fully reveal the ambiguity of the “agitated style”. The symmetry of the division of the collection into war and love madrigals is only apparent – compositions marked as “guerrieri” in particular elude this simple classification, as Monteverdi mixes in them both orders or even camouflages the struggles and dilemmas of lovers with the rhetoric of battlefields. Thus the programme of the concert, which lasted just under two hours, made up a great, poignant treatise on love – viewed from the perspective of an older man who knows everything about it, even though he experienced it for such a short time in his life.
There was real theatre happening on the Milton Court Concert Hall stage right from the start. In Altri canti d’Amor, a substantial cantata for six solo voices (with the dominant, very lively bass part sensitively sung by Rob Macdonald), the singers entered one by one among the instrumentalists, like actors making their first contact with the audience before the curtain rises. Then the mood changed abruptly: in the static, almost whispered chords of the opening declamation of the madrigal Hor ch’el ciel e la terra, night fell so evocatively and the wind ceased so suddenly that the audience fell completely silent. This made the clash between the knight Tancred (Rory Carver) and the Saracen maiden Clorinda (Anna Dennis) begin with even greater momentum, accompanied by a virtuoso commentary of the narrator, Ed Lyon – a phenomenal tenor who rendered all the melodic, articulatory and rhythmic complexities of this fiendishly difficult part not only brilliantly, but also with an ease bringing to mind the artistry of the late Nigel Rogers. Monteverdi apparently planned to stage the ballo Movete al mio bel suon, which closes the first part of the collection, with the help of scenery. In this performance there was no need for it.
In the second, love part, after the even more evocative Altri canti di Marte to Giambattista Marino’s “genuine” text (the anonymous Altri canti d’Amore is a mirror image, as it were, of this sonnet), Cummings fully respected Monteverdi’s intentions, building a dramaturgy worthy of the first two acts of Orfeo. First came the charming and carefree Vago augelletto, with a symmetrical structure and crystal-clear texture (this time, too, the AAM boss did not deny himself and us the pleasure of leaving the harpsichord for a moment to sing the seventh voice with the ensemble, facing the audience). Then Cummings left out several pieces from the book – without detriment to the narrative – immediately moving to the madrigal Ninfa che scalza di piede. It was followed by Dolcissimo uscignolo, a madrigal “alla francese”, and then came a sudden twist at the end of the concert. Lamento della Ninfa, performed by Dennis with an intensity many a stage actress could envy, took the audience’s breath away. The abandoned nymph’s lament closed the evening with the eighth book as emphatically as Orpheus’ desperate decision to set off for Pluto’s realm to find his lost Eurydice. This lament may have been even more emphatic, because it contains not a shadow of hope.
Laurence Cummings. Photo: Robert Workman
The perfectly tuned ensemble also featured – in addition to the already mentioned singers – Danni O’Neill (soprano) and Ciara Hendrick (alto). In the instrumental ensemble, consisting of two violins, two violas, bass violin, viola da gamba and violone, the player particularly deserving praise was the concertmaster of the AAM, Bojan Čičić, not only for his sense of idiom and the resulting abilities, such as the skill to choose appropriate ornamentation, but also for his almost childlike sincerity and joy of making music. Separate praise should go to the continuo group: two theorbo players – William Carter and Kristiina Watt; the harpist Joy Smith; and Alastair Rose on the organ and harpsichord. I have written about the extraordinary artistry and charisma of Laurence Cummings, who led the whole from the harpsichord, many times before; on this occasion I will limit myself to confessing that I am already looking forward to his performance at this year’s Göttingen Festival.
Although I grew up listening to old AAM recordings and made no secret of my enthusiasm when, after a few lean seasons, the AAM was taken over by the long-serving artistic director of the world’s oldest Handel festival, I could not have imagined that this concert would overwhelm me with such violent thrills, so many emotions repressed over the years, such unearthly delight. I feel now like Tancred from Tasso’s Jerusalem Delivered: thus comforted, I wak’d.
Translated by: Anna Kijak
























